On March 26, 2025, the Department of Genetics proudly celebrated the graduation of ten MSc students and two PhD candidates, In the lead-up to graduation, each student conducted rigorous research and as part of the academic requirements, students were required to deliver a formal 20-minute defense presentation to the department. These sessions were attended by academic staff, fellow students, and, in some cases, supportive family members. Following each presentation, an examination panel engaged the candidates with in-depth questions designed to assess their scientific understanding, methodological rigour, and critical thinking. The process concluded with a panel deliberation to determine the outcome, making this not only a celebratory milestone but also one earned through a highly demanding and scholarly process.

Under the supervision of Prof Johan Burger and Dr Manuella Campa, two students led projects that contributed to the advancement of plant molecular biotechnology. Mr. K Kruger explored the use of RNA interference to induce GVA virus resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana, offering insights into viral control strategies in crops. Meanwhile, Mr. P Bosman investigated virus-induced genome editing in wheat, developing a novel system for gene-editing delivery, an exciting leap forward in functional genomics.

Mr Willem Botes, head of the Plant Breeding Laboratory, supervised two students working on wheat improvement. Ms. KJ Holster applied high-throughput markers to identify yield-related traits, strengthening the department’s role in pre-breed

ing for food security. Ms. M van der Hoven contributed important data on pollen-mediated gene flow in wheat and related species, supporting biosafety frameworks in breeding programs.

Dr. Marlon-Schylor le Roux supervised Mr. D Allsopp, whose work focused on the Serpin-Z2B gene in common bread wheat under drought stress. This research deepened our understanding of stress response mechanisms in cereals and highlighted potential genetic targets for genetic engineering for enhancing drought tolerance.

Within marine and conservation genetics, Prof Aletta Bester-van der Merwe supervised Ms. K Redelinghuys, whose research examined the evolutionary connectivity of whiprays across the Southwestern Indian Ocean, a study with significant implications for marine conservation management. Prof Clint Rhode supervised Ms. M Roux’s research which was focused on genome-wide characterisation of repetitive elements in the dusky kob, contributing to our genomic knowledge of this ecologically and economically important species.

In forestry genetics, Ms. G Dyer, under the guidance of Dr. Paul Hills, developed a laboratory protocol for the in vitro micropropagation of hybrid Pinus patula × Pinus tecunumanii. This work adds practical value to clonal propagation techniques in commercial forestry.

The medical genetics track was represented by Ms. M Collins, supervised by Dr Brendon Pearce, who investigated mitochondrial DNA mutations linked to intervertebral disc degeneration. This research offered important insights into the molecular basis of spinal disorders and the future of personalised medicine.

From the Institute for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (IPBB), Mr. B Moodley completed a project under the leadership of Dr Shuan Peters, focusing on the functional role of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins in drought tolerance in sugarcane, a crop vital to southern Africa’s agricultural economy.

The department also proudly celebrated the graduation of two PhD candidates:

Ms Jessica Vervalle, supervised by Dr. Justin Lashbrooke, completed her PhD on the molecular mapping of fruit quality traits in grapevine, advancing our understanding of key genetic loci associated with fruit development and composition. Her research, recently published in the Journal of Experimental Botany, provides important insights to support breeding programs aimed at enhancing fruit quality in viticulture.

Mr Carel van Heerden, supervised by Prof Johan Burger, focused his PhD research on the genetic analysis of downy and powdery mildew resistance in grapevine, offering a comparative study between the ‘Regent’ and ‘Red Globe’ cultivars. His work makes a significant contribution toward breeding grapevine varieties with improved disease resistance, a crucial step for sustainable and resilient crop production.

Each graduate journeyed through a robust and supportive academic environment, emerging not only as subject matter experts but also as skilled critical thinkers and problem-solvers. Some will take their expertise and ingenuity to industry, research institutions, and policy development by entering the workforce, while others will continue to hone their academic careers through doctoral studies. The Department of Genetics applauds their achievements and looks forward to following the remarkable contributions they will continue to make in advancing the field of genetics both locally and globally.

As your departmental scribe, it is a privilege to witness these new beginnings, and I look forward to sharing many more stories of discovery, resilience, and innovation from our growing community.

Composed by The Department Scribe – M. le Roux

The Department of Genetics at Stellenbosch University proudly welcomes Prof. Clint Rhode as its new Chair. A distinguished researcher and academic leader, Prof. Rhode brings a wealth of expertise in genetics, making his appointment a significant milestone for the department as it continues its 100-year legacy of research and education excellence.

With a PhD in Genetics, Professional Natural Scientist registration (SACNASP Reg. No. 400139/15), and as President of the South African Genetics Society (SAGS), Prof. Rhode has established himself as a leading figure in the field. His research focuses primarily on animal genetics, with a specialisation in population and quantitative genetics, disciplines that are critical for advancing breeding programmes and understanding complex genetic traits.

A Passion for Science and Leadership

Reflecting on his journey into genetics, Prof. Rhode shared how his early curiosity and love for science shaped his career path.

“I was always curious, always asking ‘why.’ Initially, I wanted to be a veterinarian but soon realised that I needed a career that allowed for constant discovery. Genetics fascinated me because it combines mathematics and biology—two things I truly enjoy. That’s how I found my way into the field.“

Despite his casual recounting of this journey, behind his words lies an exceptional academic record; having earned cum laude for all his degrees. His humility stands out as a defining trait, despite his remarkable achievements. When asked about his vision for the department, he speaks with certainty and purpose. His primary focus is on strengthening the department’s academic community and research excellence, particularly in the wake of post-pandemic challenges.

“One of my key goals is to foster an environment where researchers and students feel connected, inspired, and part of something greater than themselves.”

Stellenbosch University’s Department of Genetics is one of only two independent genetics departments in South Africa, allowing students to obtain postgraduate degrees in genetics as a standalone discipline. While many universities have merged genetics with biochemistry or microbiology, Stellenbosch remains committed to training specialists in genetics rather than general biologists; a responsibility that Prof. Rhode is passionate about maintaining.

Opportunities and Challenges in a Changing Field

Prof. Rhode describes the department’s opportunities and challenges as a “double-edged sword.” While adapting to change is necessary, it also presents a unique opportunity to rethink how the department operates and stays at the forefront of scientific advancements.

“Change management is always a challenge, but it also allows us to reassess our direction and remain relevant in a rapidly evolving field. The key will be ensuring that everyone understands the importance of these changes and how they contribute to our long-term success.“

His commitment to innovation is evident, ensuring that the department continues to be a leader in genetics research, education, and industry collaboration.

Groundbreaking Research in Genetics

Prof. Rhode’s contributions to genetics extend beyond the lecture hall. One of his most significant research projects was sequencing the first and only genome of South African abalone (perlemoen, as it is locally known), a species that plays a crucial role in aquaculture and marine conservation.

“By understanding the abalone’s genetic makeup, we can find ways to help them grow faster, protect their populations, and ensure they can survive as ocean conditions change due to climate shifts.”

Additionally, his research on the black soldier fly, a species with major applications in sustainable animal feed and waste reduction, has gained international recognition. His work explores how genetics influences large-scale breeding programmes, enhancing food production in an efficient and environmentally sustainable way.

A testament to his growing influence in the field, Prof. Rhode was recently invited as a keynote speaker at the Insect Genetic IMProvement, IMPlementation, and IMPact (Insect-IMP) workshop in Athens, Greece. Delivering a plenary session on “Population and Functional Genomics of Black Soldier Fly Mass Rearing,” he not only showcased his expertise, but also represented Stellenbosch University and Sub-Saharan Africa on the global stage. This prestigious invitation reaffirmed his standing as a leader in applied genetics, further highlighting the department’s role in pioneering research that addresses real-world challenges in food security and sustainable agriculture.

Empowering Learners, Students, and the Next Generation of Scientists

Beyond research, mentorship and student engagement remain central to Prof. Rhode’s academic philosophy. He firmly believes that students are the department’s ambassadors, shaping its reputation and impact.

“Our role as academics isn’t just to teach; we need to inspire. Students go out into the world as our ambassadors, proving why genetics at Stellenbosch University is world-class.”

For young learners considering a career in genetics, he highlights the increasing importance of computational skills and adaptability in today’s fast-changing scientific landscape.

“Genetics is evolving rapidly. If you enjoy biology but also have an interest in statistics, AI, and computing, this field is for you. It’s where the future of medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology is being shaped.”

Beyond the Lab

Outside of academia, Prof. Rhode has a creative side that may come as a surprise. He is an avid cook and amateur mixologist, treating the kitchen as his personal lab. Known for his signature chocolate brownies, lamingtons, banana muffins, and cinnamon rolls, which, according to him, are better than Cinnabon’s, he laughs as he shares how his passion for cooking ties back to his love for science.

“I don’t get much time to do experiments in the lab these days, so I experiment in the kitchen instead!”

Despite his demanding role, he values solitude and reflection, setting aside Sundays as his ‘Day of Solitude’ for personal growth and relaxation. When asked what most people don’t know about him, Prof. Rhode shared an unexpected answer: he considers himself an introvert at heart.

“Public speaking and leadership roles were not something that came naturally to me. I had to grow into them over time. But while I’ve learned to embrace these aspects of my career, I still cherish the quiet moments where I can just be, well… Clint.”

Looking to the Future

With the department celebrating its centenary, Prof. Rhode sees this as both a moment for reflection and a time to set ambitious goals for the future.

“It’s a time to celebrate our past achievements while also preparing for the next 100 years. How do we stay relevant? How do we keep pushing the boundaries of genetics? These are the questions that will guide our future.“

As the department embarks on this exciting new chapter, students, staff, alumni, and collaborators are invited to participate in the upcoming centenary events and engage with the department’s latest research initiatives and academic developments.

A Homegrown Leader with a Bold Vision

As your departmental scribe, I have witnessed Prof. Rhode’s journey from PhD student to Postdoctoral Fellow, Lecturer, Senior Lecturer, Professor, and now Head of Department. As a homegrown leader, he possesses an in-depth understanding of the department’s inner workings and is uniquely positioned to build on its legacy. I look forward to seeing how his vision will shape the future of genetics at Stellenbosch University.

Composed by The Department Scribe – M. le Roux

The Genetics Department is delighted to welcome 27 new Honours students to our program this year. Among them, 12 will be based within the department, while the remaining 15 student will join the Institute for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology (IPPB) which is host within the Department. Admission to the Honours program requires a minimum average of between 60% to 65% for the different programs, but this year’s cohort has exceeded expectations, with most students achieving an impressive >70%, placing them among the top-performing BSc graduates of 2024.

The Honours program spans one academic year, structured into six months of coursework followed by six months of research. Their academic year has commenced with the Advanced Molecular Techniques module, alongside a variety of specialized courses. IPBB students will focus on biotechnology-related topics, particularly plant sciences, while Genetics Honours students will follow an integrated curriculum covering human, animal, and plant genetics. The modules are presented by specialized academics who are experts in their respective fields, ensuring that students receive high-quality education.

In February, students will select their research projects, presented by our leading academics. These projects will explore a diverse range of topics, from genetic modification (CRISPR) and stress resistance in crops to genetic studies in animals (Population Genetics), including sharks and humans. Other research areas also include neuropsychiatric disorders and mitochondrial-associated diseases.

During the first six months, students will develop a strong theoretical foundation, including writing a literature review on their research project, which will be formally assessed. Additionally, they will engage in conceptual meetings with their academic supervisors and laboratory teams, which often include postdoctoral researchers, PhD candidates, and final-year MSc students, to enhance their research understanding.

As part of their academic training, Honours students will deliver a proposal presentation to the entire Department, showcasing their research project and demonstrating their understanding of the subject. Following this, they will enter their respective research laboratories, where they will conduct wet-lab experiments and/or in silico analyses. At the end of the six-month experimental phase, students will submit a mini-thesis, followed by their final defense presentation to the department.

The Honours year is known for being rigorous and demanding, requiring excellent time management, intellectual curiosity, and dedication, along with strong support from family and friends. However, it is also one of the mo  st rewarding academic experiences, providing students with a strong foundation for future careers in research, industry, and academia—while also fostering lifelong friendships.

The Genetics Department and the Institute for Plant Breeding and Biotechnology are proud to welcome this exceptional group of students and wish them all the best for the year ahead!

Composed by The Department Scribe – M. le Roux

As the year draws to a close, the familiar rhythm of academic life begins to soften. Laboratories hum quietly as annual cleanups commence, with the faint smell of ethanol lingering as surfaces are meticulously decontaminated. The Genetics Department; a hub of scientific innovation, surrounded by the brilliant purple blooms of jacaranda trees—finds itself in a moment of reflection. 2024 has been a challenging year, yet as the staff gathered for their final academic meeting, the air was thick with the sense of reward that comes from perseverance.

After discussing strategic plans for 2025, finalizing grant reports, and providing postgraduate students with feedback on their theses in preparation for March graduations, it was time to embrace an annual tradition: the year-end lunch at Le Pommier Wine Estate. Seated outdoors under the dappled shade of umbrellas, a light summer breeze carried the scent of oak barrels and blooming flowers, setting the perfect tone for the afternoon. The lively chatter at the long, communal table reflected the camaraderie that binds the department. Glasses of Le Pommier’s house wine clinked in celebration, not only of the year’s accomplishments but also of the relationships and shared experiences. Conversations flowed effortlessly, from tales of international conferences and innovative teaching methodologies to the joys of family life and cherished pets. Even amidst the intensity of academia, it was a reminder that at its core are people—passionate, curious, and deeply human.

The Head of Department (HOD) Mr Willem Botes, rose to deliver a heartfelt speech. With a mix of pride and poignancy, he recounted the department’s achievements over the year and highlighted that the success of any academic department is rooted in teamwork. He extended heartfelt gratitude to Thanja Alison and Morney Engelbrecht, whose dedication as the department’s management and secretary ensured the smooth functioning of operations throughout the year. Their contributions were met with warm appreciation from all present.

Mr. Willem Botes then re-introduced the incoming HOD, Prof. Clint Rhode, a moment met with cheers and applause as staff eagerly welcomed the promise of fresh ideas and visionary leadership. Yet, the mood turned wistful as he paid tribute to Prof. Louise Warnich, who, after decades of groundbreaking research and steadfast leadership, was bidding farewell upon her retirement.  Professor Warnich’s farewell speech was inspiring. She reflected on the early days of her career when genetic experiments were painstakingly slow—DNA plasmid isolations that took five days, compared to today’s hours-long processes. Her journey, from lecturing Genetics 344 to becoming a professor, HOD, and ultimately Dean of Science, left us all in awe. As she spoke, the table fell silent. Throats tightened, and a few discreetly wiped their eyes. Her legacy, both as a scientist and as a mentor, was undeniable. “It’s been an honor,” she concluded, her voice steady but her emotion evident, “to watch this department grow and flourish.” The staff raised their glasses in a heartfelt toast—to the past, the present, and the future.

This wasn’t just a lunch; it was a celebration of resilience, an ode to the bonds of community, and a moment to honor the legacies that have shaped the department. As the staff departed, the weight of the year seemed somewhat lighter, replaced by the buoyancy of hope and gratitude.

Composed by The Department Scribe – M. le Roux

Master’s Students Showcase Expertise in Genetics Research Ahead of December Graduation

On the morning of November 21, 2024, the Genetics Department hosted the defense presentations of MSc students preparing for their December graduation. The atmosphere in the venue was a mix of anticipation and pride, as each candidate confidently stepped forward to present the culmination of two years of dedicated research. Their presentations were a testament to their hard work, expertise, and deep understanding of their respective fields.

The presentations began with M O’Meara, who presented their research on identifying optimal genetic markers for predicting quantitative measures in neuropsychiatric disorders. This research was conducted under the supervision of Dr Nathaniel McGregor, the project showcased indeed contributed to our current understanding complex traits related to mental health. Following this, J Dove took the stage to present their work on developing a CRISPR-based detection system for Candidatus Liberibacter africanus, a critical advancement for tackling diseases affecting the agricultural industry. This research was conducted under the supervision of Professor Johan Burger.  HC van der Westhuizen followed with an impressive presentation on the assembly and annotation of the genome of the sea urchin, Tripneustesgratilla. Supervised by Professor Clint Rhode, their work highlighted the importance of genomic tools in understanding marine biodiversity and its implications for environmental and evolutionary research. Concluding the session, K Haridass presented their study on exploring the abiotic resistance traits of the local wild wheat relative, Thinopyrum distichum–supervised by our head our head department Mr Willem  Botes, this research contributed valuable insights to improving crop resilience in the face of climate challenges.

Throughout the session, the students demonstrated a remarkable command of their research, confidently explaining complex methodologies, findings, and implications. At the end of each presentation, they faced a series of advanced genetic questions from the audience and examination panel, designed to test their depth of understanding and ability to think critically. With poise and precision, they answered these questions, further reinforcing their status as emerging experts in their respective fields.

These defense presentations were not only an academic milestone but also a celebration of the journey each student had undertaken. The Genetics Department is immensely proud of their achievements and looks forward to the impact they will undoubtedly make in their future endeavors.

Composed by The Department Scribe – M. le Roux

 

The Agrication Programme was piloted in 2023 as a programme exposing learners to agricultural research environments and technologies. Two agricultural research environments hosted 125 learners over four practical demonstrations which linked curriculum topics teachers from participating schools were struggling with (figure 1). A Community of Practice for Agricultural Educators was also initiated as an evaluator platform for relevant learner and teacher development programmes (figure 2).

Figure 1: From left to right: Agricultural Sciences and Agricultural Management Practices learners from Kayamandi High School undergoing a practical demonstration on soil properties and greenhouse production (hosted by the Department of Agronomy, HortiDemo Centre); Kayamandi High School Agricultural Sciences learners exposed to a tissue culture demonstration; Soneike High School participating in a tissue culture demonstration. All tissue culture demonstrations were hosted at the Institute for Plant Biotechnology and facilitated through the Plant Growth Promoting Substances Research Group led by Dr Paul Hills.

Figure 2: The initiated Community of Practice of Agricultural Educators. From left to right SU Collaborative workshop facilitators (Mhlengi Khambule, Dr. Estelle Kempen, Ms. Olianda Zhuwawo) and agricultural sciences educators, Ms. Akhtari Abbas, Ms. Sinako Matshoba, Mr. Sinethemba Mdlambuzi from Soneike , Kwamfundo and Iqhayiya High Schools. Picture by Mr. Cobus Rabe (Longacres
High School).

A. Sustainable Agriculture mini-lecture
Four mini lectures were presented to a total of 120 grade 11 students from Kayamandi High School and Soneike High School. The presentations were used to introduce demonstrations (Objective B and C) hosted by the Institute for Plant Biotechnology (tissue culture programme) and the Department of Agronomy (soil and crop management) respectively. Learners were varyingly engaged in the minilecture, some stating that they had covered some of the topics in class while others were seemingly more interested in engaging with the practical elements to follow. A suggestion was to have the minilecture recorded and shared with the teachers and learners beforehand, in so doing using this as a
preparatory tool as well as allow for more time for the demonstrations.

B. Tissue culture programme
The institute for Plant Biotechnology hosted grade 11s from Kayamandi High School and Soneike High School for tissue culture demonstrations on the 28th July and 25th August 2023 respectively. An article descriptively reported on the demonstrations and can be found here. Two out of the three intended schools were able to attend. We were unable to confirm a date with Somerset College despite numerous attempts. A third school will however be hosted, depending on progress made on the other objectives.

C. Industry exposure sessions
The department of Agronomy hosted two grade 11 cohorts from Kayamandi High School in December 2022 and 26th May 2023 respectively. The HortiDemo Centre was the primary demonstration site following the mini-lecture presented in the AgroHub. An article descriptively reported on the exposure sessions and demonstrations. The article can be found here. The latest demonstration also showcased the DIVAGRI solar desalination greenhouse demo unit. Prospects for on-farm exposure visits to DIVAGRI participating farms around Stellenbosch are currently being discussed.

D. Parent and teacher inquiry workshops
A collaborative workshop was held at the AgroHub in October 2023. Teachers from 7 High Schools in the Western Cape participated in the workshop. The workshop sought to identify challenges faced by the teachers in the delivery of the Agricultural Sciences subject, and how our programme can best support them. The teachers identified several challenges and collaborative support approaches. An
outcome was the initiation of the Community of Practice (CoP) for Agricultural Educators (currently hosted on WhatsApp) which will serve as a useful knowledge and perspective-sharing platform as well as a school-based programme critique. The CoP will also serve as an ideal platform to identify teacher training needs. It was difficult to attain parent perspectives, teachers however recommended using Grade 9 subject selection meetings to interact with parents on this topic.

E. Community of Practice in Sustainable Development Policy
The initiation of the senior and postgraduate student focused Community of Practice (CoP) was challenged by the graduation of the early adopting students. However, students from the Department of Agronomy and Institute for Plant Biotechnology showed interest in getting involved, particularly in the demonstrations and exposure sessions. Developing terms of reference for the different CoP working groups is currently under way, we hope to use these as part of a call to students to join. This way interested students are aware of what to expect beforehand. Progress has also been made with collaborating with the Education Faculty, with two senior staff from different departments and a
student teacher society interested to getting involved.